Lewisova kiselina i baza

Šablon:Kiseline i baze Lewisova kiselina (nazvana po američkom fizičkom hemičaru Gilbertu N. Lewisu) je hemijska vrsta koja sadrži praznu orbitalu koja je sposobna da prihvati elektronski par iz Lewisove baze da bi se formirao Lewisov adukt. Lewisova baza je, dakle, svaka vrsta koja ima popunjenu orbitalu, a koja sadrži elektronski par koji nije uključen u vezu, ali može formirati dativnu vezu sa Lewsovom kiselinom da bi se formirao Lewisov adukt. Naprimjer, NH₃ je Lewisova baza, jer može donirati svoj usamljeni par elektrona. Trimetilboran (Me₃B) je Lewisova kiselina jer je sposobna da prihvati usamljeni par. U Lewisovom aduktu, Lewisova kiselina i baza dijele elektronski par koji daje Lewisova baza, formirajući dativnu vezu.^[1] U kontekstu specifične hemijske reakcije između NH₃ i Me₃B, usamljeni par iz NH₃ će formirati dativnu veza sa praznom orbitalom Me₃B, da bi se formirao adukt NH₃•BMe₃. Terminologija se odnosi na doprinose Gilberta N. Lewisa.^[2]

Termini nukleofil i elektrofil su manje-više zamenljivi sa Lewisovom bazom, odnosno Lewisovom kiselinom. Međutim, ovi termini, posebno njihove apstraktne imeničke forme nukleofilnost i elektrofilnost, naglašavaju kinetički aspekt reaktivnosti, dok Lewisova baznost i Lewisova kiselost naglašavaju termodinamički aspekt stvaranja Lewisovog adukta.^[3]

^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Lewis acid". doi:10.1351/goldbook.L03508
^ Lewis, Gilbert Newton (1923). Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules. American chemical society. Monograph series. New York, New York, U.S.A.: Chemical Catalog Company. str. 142. ISBN 9780598985408. From p. 142: "We are inclined to think of substances as possessing acid or basic properties, without having a particular solvent in mind. It seems to me that with complete generality we may say that a basic substance is one which has a lone pair of electrons which may be used to complete the stable group of another atom, and that an acid substance is one which can employ a lone pair from another molecule in completing the stable group of one of its own atoms. In other words, the basic substance furnishes a pair of electrons for a chemical bond, the acid substance accepts such a pair."
^ 1960-, Anslyn, Eric V. (2006). Modern physical organic chemistry. Dougherty, Dennis A., 1952-. Sausalito, CA: University Science. ISBN 1891389319. OCLC 55600610.CS1 održavanje: numerička imena: authors list (link)Šablon:Pn

[Gold_Book_Lewis_acid_L03508-1] IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Lewis acid". doi:10.1351/goldbook.L03508

[lewisvalence-2] Lewis, Gilbert Newton (1923). Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules. American chemical society. Monograph series. New York, New York, U.S.A.: Chemical Catalog Company. str. 142. ISBN 9780598985408. From p. 142: "We are inclined to think of substances as possessing acid or basic properties, without having a particular solvent in mind. It seems to me that with complete generality we may say that a basic substance is one which has a lone pair of electrons which may be used to complete the stable group of another atom, and that an acid substance is one which can employ a lone pair from another molecule in completing the stable group of one of its own atoms. In other words, the basic substance furnishes a pair of electrons for a chemical bond, the acid substance accepts such a pair."

[3] 1960-, Anslyn, Eric V. (2006). Modern physical organic chemistry. Dougherty, Dennis A., 1952-. Sausalito, CA: University Science. ISBN 1891389319. OCLC 55600610.CS1 održavanje: numerička imena: authors list (link)Šablon:Pn

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